{"id":5483,"date":"2020-05-30T19:35:17","date_gmt":"2020-05-30T17:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lion-environnement.org\/?p=5483"},"modified":"2022-06-21T19:11:14","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T17:11:14","slug":"pm-25-lennemi-silencieux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lion-environnement.org\/index.php\/2020\/05\/30\/pm-25-lennemi-silencieux\/","title":{"rendered":"PM 2,5 : l’ennemi silencieux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

PM2,5, c’est le petit nom que la litt\u00e9rature anglo-saxonne donne aux particules fines d’un diam\u00e8tre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 2,5 microm\u00e8tres (ou microns pour les plus vieux d’entre nous)

La taille r\u00e9duite de ces particules en suspension dans l’air, est qu’elles peuvent voyager ais\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du corps humain. Jusque l\u00e0, rien de nouveau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes tendent \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer que ces PM2,5 ne s’en prennent pas seulement \u00e0 nos poumons.
Elles s’en prennent aussi \u00e0 notre cerveau par deux voies :
\u2022 elles rejoignent le cerveau en franchissant la paroi des art\u00e8res et des veines
\u2022 elles passent aussi du nez au cerveau en cheminant via les nerfs olfactifs jusqu’au bulbe olfactif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Premi\u00e8re d\u00e9couverte : une \u00e9tude de Lilian Caldern-Garcidueas (Univ. du Montana) men\u00e9e au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000 sur 40 chiens errant dans les zones les plus pollu\u00e9es de Mexico City a montr\u00e9 qu’ils avaient des pathologies de type Alzheimer dans leur cerveau. Elle a donc pouss\u00e9 la recherche sur les populations humaines de ces zones et a d\u00e9couvert dans le cerveau de jeunes enfants des amas de prot\u00e9ines associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la maladie d’Alzheimer. En 2008, elle \u00e9crivait : \u00ab\u00a0L’exposition \u00e0 la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un facteur de risque d’Alzheimer\u00a0\u00bb . Des \u00e9tudes compl\u00e9mentaires men\u00e9es par des toxicologues sur des animaux expos\u00e9s \u00e0 une forte pollution ont montr\u00e9 que les PM2,5 atteignaient le cerveau, certaines contenant des neurotoxiques comme le mangan\u00e8se !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mieux encore une \u00e9tude de 2018 publi\u00e9e de le British Medicine Journal portant sur 131.000 londoniens de 50 \u00e0 79 ans a conclu que ceux expos\u00e9s \u00e0 de forts taux de pollution atmosph\u00e9rique \u00e9taient les plus \u00e0 m\u00eame de d\u00e9velopper la maladie d’Alzheimer.
Une autre \u00e9tude, men\u00e9e par l’Universit\u00e9 de Toronto sur 6,6 millions de r\u00e9sident de l’Ontario a montr\u00e9 que ceux qui vivaient \u00e0 moins de 50 m d’une route \u00e0 fort trafic avaient une probabilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper une d\u00e9mence de 12% plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que ceux vivant \u00e0 plus de 200 m des m\u00eames routes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Pour comprendre les relations de cause \u00e0 effet entre PM2,5 et Alzheimer, dont certaines causes seraient g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, les scientifiques se tournent vers l’exp\u00e9rimentation animale. Des \u00e9tudes (Universit\u00e9 du Nord Dakota 2015 – Cedar-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles 2018) montrent que les PM2,5 contenant des m\u00e9taux lourds alt\u00e8rent le comportement de certains g\u00e8nes, d\u00e9clenchant des cancers et des maladies neuro-d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais terminons sur une note positive.
Il existe deux axes pour contrer ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne sournois :
\u2022 Socialement, une lutte efficace contre la pollution par une r\u00e9glementation de plus en plus stricte donne des r\u00e9sultats probants sur le long terme.
\u2022 Individuellement, l’exercice physique r\u00e9gulier, en accroissant le d\u00e9bit sanguin dans l’organisme (cerveau compris) et en stimulant les niveaux des prot\u00e9ines qui favorisent la croissance et l’entretien des cellules du cerveau permet de combattre cet ennemi insidieux que sont les PM2,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sources Scientific American, 322, May 2020, pages 42-47

Lien vers l’article (pour les abonn\u00e9s) en anglais <\/a>

Voir aussi
Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Alpha-Synuclein Pathology in the Olfactory Bulbs of Infants, Children, Teens and Adults \u2264 40 Years in Metropolitan Mexico City:\u00a0APOE4<\/em>\u00a0Carriers at Higher Risk of Suicide Accelerate Their Olfactory Bulb Pathology.\u00a0<\/strong>L. Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as et al. in\u00a0Environmental Research,\u00a0<\/em>Vol. 166, pages 348\u2013362; October 2018

Particulate Matter Air Pollution, Physical Activity and Systemic Inflammation in Taiwanese Adults.<\/strong>\u00a0Z. Zhang et al. in\u00a0International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,\u00a0<\/em>Vol. 221, No. 1, pages 41\u201347; January 2018.

Particulate Matter and Episodic Memory Decline Mediated by Early Neuroanatomic Biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease.<\/strong>\u00a0D. Younan et al. in\u00a0Brain,<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 143, No. 1, pages 289\u2013302; January 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PM2,5, c’est le petit nom que la litt\u00e9rature anglo-saxonne donne aux particules fines d’un diam\u00e8tre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 2,5 microm\u00e8tres (ou microns pour les plus vieux d’entre nous) La taille r\u00e9duite de ces particules en suspension dans l’air, est qu’elles peuvent voyager ais\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du corps humain. Jusque l\u00e0, rien de nouveau. Mais des \u00e9tudes\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1559,"featured_media":5485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,43,50],"tags":[40,41],"class_list":["post-5483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-externe","category-information","category-revue-presse","tag-pollution","tag-sante"],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_eventorganiser_event_schedule":null,"_eventorganiser_schedule_until":null,"_wpas_done_all":null,"_eventorganiser_schedule_start_start":null,"_eventorganiser_schedule_start_finish":null,"_eventorganiser_schedule_last_start":null,"_eventorganiser_schedule_last_finish":null,"_wp_attachment_backup_sizes":null,"_wp_attachment_context":null,"event_address":null,"event_start_date":null,"event_to_time":null,"event_from_time":null,"event_end_date":null,"_oembed_7e6c0eb53f1b87dceeb7157df4c64ecd":null,"_oembed_ac860e2f1183d5fbf8efad3e14b2b998":null,"_oembed_2fa3d1dc2e72f2f3db15582a07766e9d":null,"_oembed_ba1f94dfef6f2f056282005c87e1dd1f":null,"_oembed_b4fa8c58de01621c3377349423193585":null,"_oembed_2c076515dc13114e0a07a701157042d8":null,"_oembed_time_2c076515dc13114e0a07a701157042d8":null,"_su_description":null,"_wp_attachment_is_custom_header":null,"_wp_attachment_custom_header_last_used_enigma":null,"_mc_event_shortcode":null,"_mc_event_access":null,"_mc_event_id":null,"_mc_event_desc":null,"_mc_event_image":null,"_event_time_label":null,"_mc_event_data":null,"_snap_forceSURL":null,"snap_MYURL":null,"snapEdIT":null,"_mc_event_location":null,"_oembed_cdb00187755a40067dfed1152b83fa85":null,"_oembed_2a2b1181a4872c3fcae632ccb831338e":null,"_oembed_223e8f80fcafbbb0e655c3b852ad258b":null,"_oembed_f2dbc4e0e03552dca3704dc9d3b35b81":null,"_oembed_0f31e9c8d775433415a564642134b876":null,"_oembed_37f37d6d5d0f763259b5f2d5c6698765":null,"_oembed_7d585094b05c3c88729a16a5d0b76382":null,"_oembed_49e3f6fef25f62658e66c1baa5716b3c":null,"_oembed_3bbcd6cd9ba0f8e8cead97d8bddbbbae":null,"_oembed_6107383b394908a78bf711554ae8a1e4":null,"_oembed_5d6a5ae5cd2e93d5022ed2485426fcf4":null,"_oembed_422f96ea83a4884539ceb42326a11ee5":null,"_oembed_ab6628735dc0e2101ba08ec87fcef1b7":null,"_oembed_75bd89488fe790d8e4f203396bb84c81":null,"_oembed_time_75bd89488fe790d8e4f203396bb84c81":null,"_oembed_c6d8784021cf1310fe080cd343275a5a":null,"_oembed_time_c6d8784021cf1310fe080cd343275a5a":null,"_wp_attachment_custom_header_last_used_greenigma":null,"_wp_attachment_is_custom_background":null,"enclosure":null,"_oembed_3bca2a21e398bc75f8a1b2ec60f88d23":null,"_oembed_25600d5f25f51af7be904b38ccae40ec":null,"_oembed_time_25600d5f25f51af7be904b38ccae40ec":null,"_mc_guid":null,"_mc4wp_settings":null,"text_subscribed":null,"text_invalid_email":null,"text_required_field_missing":null,"text_already_subscribed":null,"text_error":null,"text_unsubscribed":null,"text_not_subscribed":null,"text_no_lists_selected":null,"text_updated":null,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":null,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":null,"_bbp_total_topic_count":null,"_bbp_topic_count":null,"_bbp_total_reply_count":null,"_bbp_reply_count":null,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":null,"_bbp_last_active_time":null,"user_registration_form_setting_default_user_role":null,"user_registration_form_setting_enable_strong_password":null,"user_registration_form_setting_minimum_password_strength":null,"user_registration_form_setting_form_submit_label":null,"user_registration_form_setting_enable_recaptcha_support":null,"user_registration_form_template":null,"user_registration_form_custom_class":null,"_oembed_ef95b2b98f04716f23e0a4eed7816e1b":null,"_oembed_time_ef95b2b98f04716f23e0a4eed7816e1b":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"_mc_event_date":null,"_customize_changeset_uuid":null,"sg_popup_target":null,"sg_popup_events":null,"sg_popup_options":null,"_oembed_caf01abe71309dc253791159ac4336cb":null,"_sgpb_original":null,"sg_popup_events_preview":null,"sg_popup_options_preview":null,"sg_popup_target_preview":null,"user_registration_form_setting_redirect_options":null,"_oembed_10c4a1529e884332ff612b45feeae083":null,"_bbp_forum_id":null,"_bbp_last_topic_id":null,"_bbp_last_reply_id":null,"_bbp_last_active_id":null,"_form":null,"_mail":null,"_mail_2":null,"_messages":null,"_additional_settings":null,"_locale":null,"_elementor_css":null,"_menu_sgpb_popup_id":null,"_oembed_bbc07775835a27fca3dab6de0a78c453":null,"cmplz_tc_document_status":null,"_oembed_a8eea5673581fdb5da3c215c1676eaf2":null,"_oembed_time_a8eea5673581fdb5da3c215c1676eaf2":null,"_bbp_forum_type":null,"_bbp_status":null,"_bbp_total_reply_count_hidden":null,"_wp_page_template":null,"_edit_last":"1559","_edit_lock":"1655831474:1559","_su_rich_snippet_type":"none","xyz_fbap":"1","xyz_fb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vient d'\u00eatre publi\u00e9 sur {BLOG_TITLE}"},"_wp_old_slug":null,"_wp_old_date":null,"cmplz_hide_cookiebanner":null,"_elementor_template_type":null,"_elementor_edit_mode":null,"_elementor_data":null,"_elementor_version":null,"_elementor_controls_usage":null,"classic-editor-remember":null,"_wp_trash_meta_status":null,"_wp_trash_meta_time":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"yoast_head":"\nPM 2,5 : l'ennemi silencieux - Lion Environnement<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lion-environnement.org\/index.php\/2020\/05\/30\/pm-25-lennemi-silencieux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PM 2,5 : l'ennemi silencieux - Lion Environnement\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PM2,5, c’est le petit nom que la litt\u00e9rature anglo-saxonne 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